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Noun modifying clause 名詞修飾節(めいししゅうしょくせつ)-How to modify a noun with a sentence- |JLPT N5

2024年5月31日金曜日

Elementary grammar N5

In this lesson, you will learn how to use noun-modifying clauses in Japanese.

You are now at the lunch time.
A friend asked you to going out and have a lunch at restaurant.
But you brought sandwitches which your mother made today.

What should you say?

You can say,
「すみません、 から…。」


👉<Use>

We have learned how to modify nouns with nouns and い, な adjectives when modifying nouns.

If you want to modify the noun "部屋(へや, room)," you would do so as follows,

  • N わたしの部屋(わたしのへや, my room)
  • いA 小さい部屋(ちいさいへや, a small room)
  • なA 静かな部屋(しずかなへや, a quiet room)

・Modify:To describe or limit the meaning of that word.

Then, what should we do if we want to say a room has a large window?
In that case, modify the noun with a sentence.

(When a sentence modifies a noun, the part of the sentence that modifies the noun is called a "noun-modifying clause, 名詞修飾節(めいししゅうしょくせつ)".)


👉<Form>

This section explains the rules of grammar for modifying nouns by sentences.

First, the predicate of the sentence to modify is put into the plain form.
Then, the sentence is placed before the noun it modifies.

Let's see an example.

 

The sentence of the one to modify:

母がサンドイッチを作りました。

My mother made sandwiches.

The sentence with the noun to be modified:

わたしはそのサンドイッチを持って来ました。

I brought that sandwiches.

① 母がサンドイッチを作りました
👉 母が(サンドイッチを)作った(作りました → 作った)

② わたしは + 母が作った + サンドイッチ を持って来ました。

わたしは母が作ったサンドイッチを持って来ました。
I brought sandwiches that my mother made.

 

Since particle "は" cannot be used in a noun-modifying clause, particle "が" is used.

❌ わたしは母は作ったサンドイッチを持って来ました。

 

・💁 Explanation of Plain form and Polite form ↓↓


👉<Examples>

I am busy, so I don't have time to eat breakfast.

Those who don't drink alcohol should pay 3,000 yen, and those who do drink alcohol should pay 4,000 yen.

I lost the comic book I borrowed from my friend.

I wrote down what I wanted to buy at the supermarket.

Those who don't understand this word, please look up the meaning.

Have you read the e-mail I sent you on Monday?

The flowers that Ms. Tao gave me are very beautiful.

Please open the file you have downloaded.

Please don't throw away any papers you didn't use.

This is the book I'm going to return to the library tomorrow.

That tie is a birthday present from my father.

The picture that Mr. Hayashi drew is wonderful.

 

The particle "が" in the noun-modifying clause can be replaced by particle "の".