Hello and welcome to Nihongoいちにのさん!!
Let's study Japanese grammar together.
普通体（ふつうたい）と丁寧体（ていねいたい）
You have forgotten when your next Kanji test is.
Ask your friends in the same class.
What should you say in Japanese?
「漢字テストはいつ？（かんじテストは いつ？）」
⇒"普通体 (ふつうたい), plain style"
Your friend are not sure the date.
Then, let's ask to your teacher.
What should you say in Japanese?
「漢字テストはいつですか？（かんじテストは いつ？）」
⇒"丁寧体（たいねいたい）, polite style"
Japanese language has two different sentence styles:普通体 (ふつうたい), plain style and 丁寧体（たいねいたい）, polite style.
👉<Use>
Sentences without "です" or "ます" at the end of the sentence are called "普通体 (ふつうたい), plain style".
Sentences with "です" or "ます" at the end of a sentence are called "丁寧体（たいねいたい）, polite style".
普通体（ふつうたい） sentences are used in conversations with close relations, such as friends and family, and in written language, such as diaries, newspapers, and articles.
丁寧体（たいねいたい） is used when the listener is a superior, someone who is not very close to you, or someone you have just met for the first time, and you want to be polite.
👉<Form>
Sentences in the plain style end in the plain form, while sentences in the polite style end in the polite form.
おまつりに行った。 行った∶普通形
おまつりに行きました。 行きました∶丁寧形
・💁Explanation of Plain form and Polite form ↓↓
👉<Examples>
1. スーパーで牛乳を買う。
I will buy tea at the convenience store there.
2. 公園で散歩した。
I'm going for a walk in the park.
3. 昨日、図書館で本を借りなかった。
I'm going to the bank and withdraw money.
4. ABCレストランのカレーはおいしい。
I checked out a book from the library.
5. 今週はあまり忙しくない。
I'm going to take a bath.
6. 沖縄の海はとてもきれいだ。
I'm a little tired, so I'm going to go rest in my room.
7. 鈴木さんは元気だった。
It's a beautiful day, so I'm going out on my bike.
8. 先週の日曜日は雨じゃなかった。
Can I go out and have lunch?
9. 黒沢さんは学生じゃない。
Mr. Kurosawa is not a student.
10. 夏休みは北海道へ行きたい。
I want to go to Hokkaido for summer vacation.
11. ワンさんは今電話をしている。
Ms. Wang is on the phone now.
12. このボールペンを使ってはいけない。
Do not use this ballpoint pen.
Conversations
※When used in conversation, as in examples 1 and 2, “だ” disappears from nouns and なadjectives in affirmative and interrogative sentences in non-past tense.
※The question particle “か” is not used, but is pronounced with increased intonation at the end of a sentence to indicate that it is an interrogative sentence.
1.「ひさしぶり。元気？」「うん、元気」
"How have you been? How are you?" "Yeah, I'm good."
2.「明日休み？」「ううん、休みじゃない」
"Are you off tomorrow?" "No, I'm not off."
3.「このボールペン使ってもいい？」「うん、いいよ」
"Can I use this ballpoint pen?" "Yeah, sure."
4.「チョコレート食べる？」「うん、食べる。ありがとう」
"Do you want some chocolate?" "Yes, I do. Thank you."
5.「夏休みどこ行った？」「北海道へ行った」
"Where did you go on summer vacation?" "I went to Hokkaido."
6.「映画に行かない？」「ごめん。今日ちょっと忙しい」
"Wanna go to the movies?" "I'm sorry. I'm a little busy today."
7.（電話で）「今、何してる？」「部屋のそうじして（い）る」
(On the phone) "What are you doing right now?" "I'm cleaning my room."
In casual conversation, the particle could be dropped.
"うん" and "ううん" are used instead of "はい" and "いいえ."
